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Today we're continuing studying English with the Friends Christmas episode where Rachel quits her job.
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Now, last week on our video she quit her job.
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This week she's just had a job interview and she's talking about it.
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We're going to use this scene to study American English pronunciation
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and figure out what makes American English sound American.
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Here's the scene we'll study today.
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Hey. How'd the interview go?
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Ugh. I blew it. I wouldn't have even hired me.
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Oh. Come here, sweetie. Listen. You're going to go on, like, a thousand interviews before you get a job.
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That's not how that was supposed to come out.
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It's just the worst Christmas ever.
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You know what, Rach, maybe you should just, you know, stay here at the coffee house.
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I can't. It's too late. Terry already hired that girl over there.
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Look at her, she's even got waitress experience. Ugh.
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And now the analysis.
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Hey. How'd the interview go?
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Chandler starts out up down shape of stress hey, hey, uh, uh. Hey. How'd the interview go?
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Hey. How'd the interview go?
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Hey. How'd the interview go?
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Hey. How'd the interview go?
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His H is not very clear or loud here hey, hey, hey.
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Hey. How'd the interview go?
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Hey. How'd the interview go?
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Hey. How'd the interview go?
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Hey. How'd the interview go?
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How'd the interview go?
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The stressed syllable of interview is the most stressed syllable in that whole thought group,
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how'd the and the first two words lead up to that peak. How'd the interview go,
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and the last three syllables come away from that peak.
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Now, are you noticing how that T is pronounced? Interview, it's totally dropped.
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It's fairly common to drop the T when it comes after N like an interview, internet, international.
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How'd the interview go?
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How'd the interview go?
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How'd the interview go?
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The apostrophe D here is the word did.
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We can also do would, how'd you do that, how would you do that but in this case it's did, how'd, how'd, how'd.
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Just a D sound at the end: how'd the.
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Now, we don't release the D. We have the OW, diphthong OW and D voiced TH. How'd the--
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So the D is subtle. The tongue is in position, the vocal chords make the noise but then
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the transition goes quickly into the voiced TH, how the, how the--
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and Chandler does say the E as in she vowel for the word the instead of the.
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That's because the next word begins with a vowel or diphthong and that is the rule.
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If the next word begins with a vowel or diphthong the final sound of this word is the E as in she vowel
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however I have noticed Americans don't follow that rule very closely.
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But Chandler does here, the interview.
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How'd the interview go?
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How'd the interview go?
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How'd the interview go?
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Ugh. I blew it.
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Ugh. Ugh. Just a sound of exasperation ugh but even that has an up-down shape ugh.
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Ugh.
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Ugh.
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Ugh. I blew it.
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I is really hard to hear almost imperceptible; I blew it.
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I know it's there grammatically, but we really barely hear it.
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Blew, I blew it, blew is the stressed syllable there.
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I blew it.
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I blew it.
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I blew it.
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I blew it, blew it. She does release a true T here and the two words link together very smoothly.
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If you blow something that means you do a poor job at it.
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You can blow an interview, you can blow a test, you can blow a project, you can blow a first impression.
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Ugh. I blew it. It did not go well.
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I blew it.
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I blew it.
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I blew it. I wouldn't have even hired me.
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Okay. In her next sentence what are our most stressed words?
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I wouldn't have even hired me.
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I wouldn't have even hired me.
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I wouldn't have even hired me.
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I wouldn't have even hired me.
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I has a lot of stress there. That's a little unusual.
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I wouldn't have even hired me. High and a little bit on me too.
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So, usually we don't stress I but for the meaning in this sentence, she is.
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I wouldn't have even hired me.
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I wouldn't have even hired me.
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I wouldn't have even hired me.
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I wouldn't have even hired me.
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Let's listen to just those three words wouldn't have even.
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...wouldn't have even
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...wouldn't have even
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...wouldn't have even
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Wouldn't have even, wouldn't have even, wouldn't have even, wouldn't have even.
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A little bit hard to tell that's wouldn't have even if you hear just that.
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So, wouldn't have becomes wouldn't have, wouldn't have, wouldn't have, wouldn't have.
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...wouldn't have
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...wouldn't have
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...wouldn't have even.
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Wouldn't have even becomes wouldn' have even.
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So, the T. I listened to it a bunch of times to decide. Did I think it was totally dropped or did I think it's a little bit of a stop T?
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I think you could do either. You could do a really light stop T, or you could just drop it: wouldn' have--
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Wouldn' have even, wouldn' have even, wouldn' have even.
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The H is dropped, the word have is reduced to SCHWA V wouldn' 'ave even,
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wouldn' 'ave even, wouldn' 'ave even, wouldn' 'ave even, wouldn' ''ave even.
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...wouldn't have even
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...wouldn't have even
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...wouldn't have even
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These kinds of simplifications are key in American English.
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They provide contrast to the stressed syllables the stressed words like the word hired.
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...wouldn't have even hired me.
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...wouldn't have even hired me.
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...wouldn't have even hired me.
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The ed ending in hired is a D sound because the sound before was voiced it was the R consonant,
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hired me. So, we have the R sound, the D sound and the M sound.
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The D is very subtle. I actually don't think I really hear it.
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I feel like it's more dropped hired me, hired me hired me.
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...hired me
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...hired me
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...hired me
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If anything, it's just a very subtle D sound in the vocal chords
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just like up here the D sound before the voiced TH. So, it's not a clear D.
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It's not hired me but it's hired me, hired me.
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If anything, it's just d, d, d a very quick subtle D sound not released.
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Just the vocal cords vibrating with the tongue in the position.
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...hired me.
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...hired me.
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>> ...hired me. >> Oh.
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Oh. Oh. His voice sort of has a nasal quality to it here I'm just noticing.
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Oh, oh, a little bit of sympathy, oh.
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Oh.
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Oh.
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Oh. Come here, sweetie.
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What is our stress in this three word thought group?
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Come here, sweetie.
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Come here, sweetie.
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Come here, sweetie.
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Come here, sweetie. Come here becomes c'mere, c'mere, c'mere.
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The word come reduced. I would write that K SCHWA M
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and actually M takes over the SCHWA. It's a syllabic consonant so it's really just like KM, k'm here, k'm here.
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The H is dropped, come 'ere, come 'ere, come 'ere, come 'ere, sweetie, come 'ere sweetie.
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Come here, sweetie
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Come here, sweetie.
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Come here, sweetie.
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And stress on that k'm 'ere sweetie.
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Sweetie with a flap T because the T comes between two vowels sweetie,
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k'm 'ere sweetie, k'm 'ere sweetie. So, it's not come here it's k'm 'ere.
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That's a very common way to pronounce those two words together, k'm 'ere, k'm 'ere sweetie.
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Come here, sweetie.
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Come here, sweetie.
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Come here, sweetie. Listen.
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Listen.
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First syllable stress we have that up-down shape
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listen and the second syllable just comes in on the way down.
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The T in listen is silent.
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That's just the pronunciation, it's not something Americans do,
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it's the actual official pronunciation.
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Up here the actual official pronunciation of here is
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with the H but every once in a while we drop it like in this phrase
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but in this word it's just not ever pronounced, listen.
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Listen.
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Listen.
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Listen. You're going to go on, like...
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Okay. So, he puts a little break here.
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So, in this thought group
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what do you hear as being the most stressed syllable.
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You're going to go on like...
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You're going to go on like...
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You're going to go on like...
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You're going to go on like.
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You're going go- I hear go, the verb as the most stressed.
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You are going to becomes you're gonna, you're gonna, you're gonna.
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You are you're becomes yer, yer, yer.
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Just a Y sound and a R sound. You don't need to try to make the SCHWA.
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R is also a syllabic consonant, it overpowers the SCHWA yer, yer, yer.
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Going to becomes gonna so you are going to is
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you're gonna, you're gonna, you're gonna, you're gonna
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You're going to...
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You're going to...
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You're going to...
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You're gonna go, you're gonna go.
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You're going to go....
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You're going to go...
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You're going to go on like...
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On and like just falling in pitch away from the peak of stress at go.
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Go on like, go on like.
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...go on like...
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...go on like...
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...go on like a thousand interviews before you get a job.
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Okay and in this next thought group what is the most stressed syllable?
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...a thousand interviews before you get a job.
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...a thousand interviews before you get a job.
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... a thousand interviews before you get a job.
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A thousand. I think thou has the most stress.
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A thousand
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interviews before, a little bit of stress here as well,
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before you get a job, but I think the most stress is on thousand.
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So, that word begins with an unvoiced TH.
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You do need to bring your tongue tip through the teeth for that a thousand.
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...a thousand...
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...a thousand...
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...a thousand...
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And the letter A here just a SCHWA.
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A thousand, oops I just realized
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there's a typo here isn't there?
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There's an A in that word a thousand.
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...a thousand...
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...a thousand...
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...a thousand interviews...
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Interviews, interviews, again he drops the T it's a very normal and natural pronunciation interviews.
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...interviews...
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...interviews...
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...interviews...
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It's so weird I have never noticed this about Ross before and yes I've seen this show
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but his R in interviews and before is a little weak
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which is a little bit of a New York accent interviews before.
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...interviews before...
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...interviews before...
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...interviews before you get a job.
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I definitely recommend you stick with a standard American accent
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which does have a bit of a stronger R sound in those words interviews before you get a job.
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...interviews before you get a job.
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... interviews before you get a job.
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... interviews before you get a job.
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Before you get a job, before you get a job.
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You can really feel that stress before you get a job, da-da-da-da-da-da.
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It starts to feel like a music a little bit when you study the stress before you get a job.
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You get a, all lower in pitch flatter.
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Again, the letter A is just a quick SCHWA linking the words together.
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The T in get is a flap T. It comes between two vowels,
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it links those words together, you get a job.
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...you get a job.
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...you get a job.
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...you get a job.
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That's not how that was supposed to come out.
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So, of course what he meant was it takes a lot of tries to actually get a job.
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What it sounded like was she's not going to interview
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very well and is going to have to do it a thousand times before she gets a job.
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So, that's what he meant when he said that's not how that was supposed to come out.
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We say that if we say something and the meaning didn't quite come across right.
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That's not how that was supposed to come out.
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That's not how that was supposed to come out.
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That's not how that was supposed to come out.
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That's not how that was supposed to come out.
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That's not how that was, that's not how that was supposed to come out.
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Come out, a phrasal verb.
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That's not how that was supposed to come out.
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That's not how that was supposed to come out.
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That's not how that was supposed to come out.
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That's not how that was... So, we have a full A vowel in that's
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both times it doesn't reduce that's not how that was.
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We have a stop T in this word that.
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That was, that was, that was.
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It's not released, that would be that was, that was over pronounced. We don't release our T's very often.
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This is a stop T because the next word begins with a consonant.
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The word was is not pronounced
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was, that's stressed.
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It was pronounced waz, waz.
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That's unstressed that waz, that waz.
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That's not how that was supposed to come out.
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That's not how that was supposed to come out.
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That's not how that was supposed to come out.
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That's not how that was supposed to come out.
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Supposed to,
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these two words go together pretty frequently, and we don't say supposed to, we say spose to, spose to.
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...supposed...
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...supposed...
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...supposed to come out.
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Listen to just supposed to come.
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...supposed to come...
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...supposed to come...
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...supposed to come...
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Supposed to come, supposed to come, supposed to come.
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So, we lose the first syllable, we lose the vowel and it's really just an SP, spo, spo
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then we have the O as a no diphthong and the stressed syllable spose to, to
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then we have S, a true T or a flap T. Honestly
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his T sounds weak to me
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so I wouldn't write it as a true T, spose to, spose to.
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I would say that was more of a flap T D sound sposed to, sposed to, sposed to and then a SCHWA.
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SO, supposed to, three syllables becomes two sposed to, sposed to.
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...supposed...
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...supposed...
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...supposed to come out.
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And a stop T at the end of out because it's at the end of a thought group.
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...was supposed to come out.
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...was supposed to come out.
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...was supposed to come out.
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This is just the worst Christmas ever.
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So, Phoebe
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she's not feeling good about Christmas I wrote this is but I actually think it's,
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it's, it's just the, it's hard to hear, people are laughing and it's not very stressed
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but really I think I'm just hearing an S sound or a TS sound
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which means it's would have been it instead of this is, it's just, it's just, just, just, just.
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It's just the worst...
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It's just the worst...
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It's just the worst...
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It's just the worst, t, t, t, t. Just a quick TS sound.
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We do reduce the word it's this way.
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We also reduce the word let's this way, let's go, let's go, let's go
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and we reduce the word that's this way, that's okay for example.
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That's okay can become 's okay, So, we have a few words also what is, what
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that can reduce to just the TS sound.
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It's just the worst.
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It's just the worst...
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It's just the worst...
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It's just the worst Christmas ever.
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What is the stress of this phrase? We know it's is not stressed because it's reduced, it's low in pitch
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and it's kind of hard to hear
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but what are the stressed syllables, the ones that are the clearest, the easiest to hear?
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It's just the worst Christmas ever.
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It's just the worst Christmas ever.
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It's just the worst Christmas ever.
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It's just the worst Christmas ever.
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Worst and ev' have the most stress.
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Now let's look at our Ts. We have a bunch that are dropped.
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When a T is part of an ending cluster like the ST cluster and the next word begins with a consonant
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like it does here with the, that T is dropped, jus' the and that's what she does take a listen.
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It's just the worst Christmas ever.
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It's just the worst Christmas ever.
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It's just the worst Christmas ever.
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Then even in the stressed word worst it's dropped because the next word begins with a consonant.
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So, in both of those cases even though the word just
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and the word worst even though those words do have a T sound
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the T was dropped because in this case the T came between two consonants.
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Now, in the word Christmas the T also comes between two consonants and it's also dropped
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although, I guess I shouldn't say it's dropped because dropped means that it's normally there
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and it's actually not normally there. There is no T sound in Christmas even though there is a letter T
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because it comes between two consonants. Chrismas, Chrismas.
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So, we have just the worst Christmas but all with a no T's. Jus' the wors' Chrismas ever.
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It's just the worst Christmas ever.
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It's just the worst Christmas ever.
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It's just the worst Christmas ever.
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You know what, Rach, maybe you should just...You know what, Rach... You know what, Rach...
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Know, definitely the most stressed word of that three word thought group.
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You know what, Rach...
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The word you, I actually think that that was reduced. I think not the OO vowel, but I think it was actually
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reduced to the SCHWA yu, yu, yu know, yu know what.
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That's a pretty common reduction for the word too.
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Yu know, Yu know what.
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You know what...
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You know what...
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You know what, Rach, maybe you should just...
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And all of those words linked together really smoothly,
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you know what.
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Stop T, end of the thought group.
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Rach, again up-down shape. It's a stressed syllable.
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You know what, Rach...
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You know what, Rach...
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You know what, Rach, maybe you should just...
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Maybe you should just and then the thought group ends here. There's a little pause.
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Let's look at these four words.
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Maybe you should just...
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Maybe you should just...
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Maybe you should just...
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Maybe you should just, stress on may and just.
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Maybe you should just...
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Maybe you should just...
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Maybe you should just...
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You should just.
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Okay. We have a couple reductions here. The word should is pronounced sh,
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just SH and a SCHWA said quickly linking right into the next sound
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which is the J sound of just.
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So, the L is always silent, but the D was also dropped there.
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I've noticed we do this sometimes when the next word begins with a consonant
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you should just, you should just, you should just.
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Then we also have a dropped T. Now, why?
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Before we dropped the T in just because it linked into a word that began with a constant.
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Here it doesn't but it's just such a habit to not pronounce the T in just
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that we don't do it sometimes even when we pause.
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Maybe you should jus'.
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It simply ends in an S sound.
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Maybe you should just...
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Maybe you should just...
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Maybe you should just, you know...
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You know, what's the stress there
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...you know...
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...you know...
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...you know...
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You know, it's definitely on no the word you again is reduced
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just like it was up here in the phrase you know what,
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you know, you know.
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...you know...
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...you know...
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...you know, stay here at the coffee house.
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And in the rest of this sentence in this thought group what are the most stressed syllables?
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...stay here at the coffee house.
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...stay here at the coffee house.
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... stay here at the coffee house.
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I'm getting stay, a little bit on here, stay here at the coffee house.
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So, four words that are a little bit longer.
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In the word coffee the stressed word it's only the stressed syllable that has that length.
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The unstressed syllable will still be very short but at and the are not fully pronounced like that.
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They are lower in pitch at the, at the, at the, flat and the word at reduces,
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the vowel changes to the SCHWA, the T is a stop T at the, at the, at the, here at the, here at the.
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...stay here at the...
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...stay here at the...
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>> stay here at the coffee house. >> I can't.
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Her voice is really breathy here.
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She's a little bit I don't know if desperate is the right word exasperated but she's just
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she's frustrated and that's what's coming out in her voice.
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That's what this extra breathiness is doing.
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I can't.
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I can't.
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I can't.
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I can't, stress on the word can't. She does do a True T release.
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We often don't do that so she's really stressing it by making that a True T.
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I can't.
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I can't.
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I can't.
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I can't. It's too late.
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It's too late.
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Too and late both stressed and again she does a True T release here
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where we would often make that a stop T because it's at the end of a sentence.
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So, by making these all True Ts she's showing her desperation, her frustration.
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The T in the word too is always a True T.
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It's too late.
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It's too late.
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It's too late.
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Terry already hired that girl over there.
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What's our stress in this sentence?
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Terry already hired that girl over there.
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Terry already hired that girl over there.
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Terry already hired that girl over there.
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Terry, the name, the stressed syllable of Terry.
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Terry already hired that girl over there.
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Those are the most stressed syllables.
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Also, the word Terry also has a True T.
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We're actually getting some True T practice here because it begins a stressed syllable,
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Terry already hired.
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Terry already hired...
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Terry already hired...
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Terry already hired...
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Terry already hired, Terry already hired, already, already, already.
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She's not making an L sound in the word already and that's pretty common.
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I don't do that either.
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Already, already, already, already, just a really quick vowel
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and then the stressed syllable already, already, already.
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Terry already...
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Terry already...
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Terry already...
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That's an all as in AH vowel already, already, already, already, already hired that girl.
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Again, the D sound not released just a quick vibration in the vocal cords before going on to the next sound.
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Hired that girl, Stop T in that because the next word begins with a consonant.
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Terry already hired that girl...
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Terry already hired that girl...
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Terry already hired that girl...
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Now, I know girl can be one of the trickiest words. It's got the R vowel GU R and then a Dark L, gurl.
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One thing that can help is to use the stress to your advantage, use the up-down shape
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gurl and use that fall down in the pitch for your Dark L gurl, gurl, gurl over there.
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...girl over there.
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...girl over there.
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...girl over there.
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You do need to make sure you're making a dark sound
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otherwise it won't sound right. It's not a light L,
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it's a dark L because the L comes at the end of the syllable girl.
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When I make that sound I don't lift my tongue tip at all, girl.
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Now, you will lift it quickly before the O diphthong to differentiate
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girl over, over,
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girl over but you want the dark sound before you lift your tongue tip otherwise it sounds like
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girl and that's not quite American girl, girl over there.
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...girl over there.
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...girl over there.
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...girl over there.
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If you're a Spanish speaker make sure you're making a V and not a B,
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Vvvvv
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you can see some of your teeth when you make that sound.
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If your lips are closed then it's a B. Try to work on a separate V sound over there.
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...girl over there.
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...girl over there.
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...girl over there.
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And she laughs a little bit as she says there, there.
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...there.
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...there.
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...there.
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Look at her.
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What's our stress in this three word thought group.
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Look at her.
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Look at her.
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Look at her.
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Look at her. Very obvious first word stress,
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look at her and then the unstressed words just come in on the way down for the pitch, look at her.
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Now, this is a light L because it comes at the beginning of the syllable or in this case the word
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so you will lift your tongue tip, look at her.
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The word at what do you notice about the pronunciation.
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Look at her.
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Look at her.
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Look at her.
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It's not AH at but it's look at her. It almost sounds like the word it which has the /I/ as in sit vowel.
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It's the SCHWA look at her and I think that the SCHWA and the IH as in sit vowel sound pretty much the same
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when the IH is unstressed and they're said quickly, look at her and there is a stop T there, look at her.
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Look at her.
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Look at her.
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Look at her.
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That double O in look is the same vowel as in push or sugar.
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Don't let the double-O fool you it's not OO, it's U luk, luk at her.
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Look at her.
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Look at her.
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Look at her. She's even got waitress experience.
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What's the stress of this last sentence.
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She's even got waitress experience.
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She's even got waitress experience.
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She's even got waitress experience.
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She's even got, little stress on even she's even got waitress experience.
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I would say most of the stress is on that first syllable of waitress.
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She's even got waitress experience.
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She's even got waitress experience.
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She's even got waitress experience.
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She's even got waitress experience.
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The apostrophe s in she's is a Z sound that links right into the next vowel,
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which is the E vowel she's even, even, even. She's even got, try that. She's even got...
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She's even got...
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She's even got...
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She's even got waitress experience.
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A stop T at the end of got because the next sound is a consonant waitress experience.
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...waitress experience.
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...waitress experience.
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...waitress experience.
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Waitress, we have a TR cluster and it's common for that to become CHR and that's exactly what happens here,
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waichress experience.
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...waitress experience.
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...waitress experience.
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...waitress experience.
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Experience, a four syllable word with stress on the second syllable ex-pe-rience, ex-pe-rience.
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When you have a longer word that feels tricky focus on the stress that can help a lot with the pronunciation.
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It can help you figure out where to simplify experience, experience.
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...experience.
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...experience.
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...experience. Ugh.
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Ugh.
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Even that expression has an up-down shape, the shape of stress, ugh.
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Ugh.
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Ugh.
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Ugh.
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Let's listen to the whole conversation one more time.
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Hey. How'd the interview go?
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Ugh. I blew it.
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I wouldn't have even hired me.
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Oh. Come here, sweetie. Listen.
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You're going to go on, like, a thousand interviews before you get a job.
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That's not how that was supposed to come out.
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It's just the worst Christmas ever.
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You know what, Rach, maybe you should just, you know, stay here at the coffee house.
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I can't. It's too late.
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Terry already hired that girl over there.
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Look at her, she's even got waitress experience. Ugh.
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If you love Learning English with TV we do have a whole playlist for that check it out
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and if you love this kind of full pronunciation analysis I do a lot of it in my Academy.
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My Academy is where I help students train and really reach their accent, their pronunciation goals.
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It's Rachel's English Academy.
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There's a 30-day money-back guarantee so don't be afraid to try it
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also don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel. I make a new video every Tuesday.
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That's it guys and thanks so much for using Rachel's English.
Today we're continuing studying English with the Friends Christmas episode where Rachel quits her job.
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Summerに公開2020 年 11 月 03 日
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